{"id":3258,"date":"2020-01-17T16:40:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T09:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/?p=3258"},"modified":"2026-03-21T14:22:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T07:22:01","slug":"khai-thac-sang-che-goc-nhin-tu-nganh-duoc-pham-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/khai-thac-sang-che-goc-nhin-tu-nganh-duoc-pham-an-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Khai th\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf: g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (SHTT). S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/a> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/a> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin chia s\u1ebb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap\u00a0 ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay .<\/div>\n
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\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c (thu\u1ed1c generic)\u00a0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 50% nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin kh\u00e1c nhau, 40% nhu c\u1ea7u chung \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 25% t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u1edf Anh .<\/div>\n
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\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 80% thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i AIDS (H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 .<\/div>\n
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Ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 33 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 trong n\u0103m 2017. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 CAGR(T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m k\u00e9p) l\u00e0 22,4% so v\u1edbi 2015-2020 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 55 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 17,27 t\u1ef7 USD trong n\u0103m 2018 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t 15,52 t\u1ef7 USD trong n\u0103m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2019 (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2019). Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, trung gian, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed1c, sinh h\u1ecdc, Ayush( h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y h\u1ecdc Hindu c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n) & c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Doanh thu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t 129,015 rupee (18,12 t\u1ef7 USD) trong n\u0103m 2018, t\u0103ng 9,4% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i (t\u00ednh theo rupee) t\u1eeb 116,389 rupee (17,87 t\u1ef7 USD) trong n\u0103m 2017. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0110\u01a1n xin thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi (ANDA) t\u1eeb C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (USFDA) n\u0103m 2017. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30% (theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 10% (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb) \u1edf US, \u0111\u1ea1t doanh thu 70 -80 t\u1ef7 USD th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c(thu\u1ed1c generic) c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 .<\/div>\n
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Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tin sinh h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 30% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t 100 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 .<\/div>\n

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Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c X\u00fac ti\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (DPIIT), ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n FDI t\u00edch l\u0169y tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 15,93 t\u1ef7 USD trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2018. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2019, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 10% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.\u00a0T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2018, ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn 39 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 PE tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 217 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (t\u00ednh theo% doanh s\u1ed1) v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u & ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 * \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 5,3% trong n\u0103m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2012 l\u00ean 8,5% trong n\u0103m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2015.\u00a0Trong n\u0103m 2017, ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn 46 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp (M & A) tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1,47 t\u1ef7 USD.Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sang M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 55 t\u1ef7 USD s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2017-2019 .<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/a> n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ra \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0 sau khi d\u00e0nh\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u1eddi\u00a0 kh\u1ecfi Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00f3c b\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1856 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Anh. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Anh n\u0103m 1852, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m.\u00a0 Sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf\u00a0 v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng ( The Invention Designs Act) n\u0103m 1888. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai .<\/div>\n
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N\u0103m 1911, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng\u00a0<\/a> n\u0103m 1888 b\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ( Indian Patent and\u00a0 Design Act) . \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1911 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1972. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1856 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u0103m 1911 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1947, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1911 . Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh hai \u1ee7y ban tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: \u1ee6y ban truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (1948 – 50) (The Patent Enquire Committee) v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (1957, 59) ( The Patent Revision Committee). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia .<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a hai \u1ee7y ban chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1\u00a0 S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1970. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1\u00a0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1970 ( The India Patent Act) \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt 1911 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0 N\u0103m 1970\u00a0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Indira Ghandi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. Su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005, Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Lu\u1eadt B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (The India Patents Act), kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n (voluntary licence) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u 84 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c (compulsory license), b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p cho c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu (1) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; (2) gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 cao so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; (3) \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf g\u1ed3m quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh\u00a0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Theo lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c. Sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1911 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Anh, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c (thu\u1ed1c generic).<\/div>\n
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T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1970 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf\u00a0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 5-7 n\u0103m , \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m qua \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 hay nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t\u00a0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd .<\/div>\n

(Gleevec \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3).<\/p>\n

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Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WTO), \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0 Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho ph\u00e9p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb cho ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, do c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (TRIPS), \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. Trong khi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a TRIPS nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ph\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ebfu trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi . Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c c\u0169 tr\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0 G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ra t\u00f2a. Novartis (m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u0103m 1993,\u00a0 h\u1ecd n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed imatinib. Theo Novartis ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng imatinib mesylate. Thu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1edf b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u00ean Glivec (Gleevec \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3).<\/div>\n
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Novartis \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho Glivec \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2006, khi \u0111\u01a1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf Glivec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (India Patent Office ) , n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 imatinib. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Glivec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o) so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, Novartis \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng Novartis \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Glivec theo ph\u1ea7n 3 (d) (Lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9). T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Novartis kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/div>\n
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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho Novartis nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf d\u00f9ng chung\u00a0 (patent pool) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
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Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf\u00a0 chung\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi gian\u00a0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay), nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh, qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Sau \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i) n\u0103m 2005, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m duy nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p chung b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Lu\u1eadt S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m 2005 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. B\u1edfi c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p gi\u1eefa qu\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/div>\n
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T\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i ra vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111i t\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian nhanh nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u2013 2005.<\/div>\n
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Hi\u1ec7n nay Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 16 – 18%\/n\u0103m, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t 8 – 10% s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n nay Lu\u1eadt\u00a0 S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1eabn ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Bayh- Dole 1980 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Bayh- Dole n\u00e0y v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00eau trong Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 2030 v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m theo \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Bayh-Dole.<\/div>\n
Theo: TTKH<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (SHTT). S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,19],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3258","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-so-huu-tri-tue","8":"category-tin-tuc-bai-viet"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3258\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=3258"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3258\/revisions\/"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3672,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3258\/revisions\/3672\/"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3263\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=3258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/?post=3258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gintasset.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags\/?post=3258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}